Endangered languages can be found throughout the world. Many languages now have fewer than 100 or ev

16.(15分)Endangered languages can be found throughout the world. Many languages now have fewer than 100 or even fewer than 10 speakers. The crisis is not limited to remote regions of the world. When Europeans first arrived in North America,312 different languages were (1) C , of which 123 are now known to be extinct. Of the (2) D languages, most speakers are grandparents and great﹣grandparents.
    Different researchers offer different definitions of "endangered". The system of (3) B used by the Catalogue of Endangered Languages evaluates languages in four areas: the (4) C of all the speakers, how often the language is conveyed to the next (5) C , the rate at which it is losing speakers and the(6) C in which it is used. Based on this data, languages are ranked on a six﹣point scale from "safe" to "severely endangered." The midpoint, "endangered" refers to a language with between 100 and 1,000 speakers who represent about half of the language's community or ethnic group.The language is spoken only by some parents, of whom very few teach it to their children. It is (7) C used at home and is not taught in schools or used for government business.
    Languages become endangered due to a number of (8) D factors including globalization, economics, technology, education policy, and changes in (9) A attitudes. As the forces of globalization make the world more interconnected, previously (10) C language communities come under pressure to participate in a larger economy, which means learning the area's majority language. (11) C ,local schools often begin to teach the majority language instead of the local tongue.Local languages also (12) D as communities adopt mobile phones and computers, most of which run on software that has been translated into only a handful of languages. This trend (13) C as these devices connect users to the Internet. At this point, many communities undergo a cultural (14) C in which parents no longer value the language enough to teach it to their children.
    Initiatives to (15) C endangered languages have become more numerous in recent years. These efforts tend to focus on two main areas: the documentation of endangered languages, and efforts to increase the use of endangered languages among younger speakers and in the community at large.
(1)A. at hand B. at risk C. in use D. in view
(2)A. ancient B. evolving C. local D. surviving
(3)A. assessment B. classification C. description D. research
(4)A. age B. background C. number D. religion
(5)A. committee B. century C. generation D. government
(6)A. content B. occupations C. situations D. themes
(7)A. advisedly B. efficiently C. primarily D. rarely
(8)A. balancing B. complicating C. historical D. interrelated
(9)A. cultural B. mental C. moral D. religious
(10)A. foreign B. informal C. isolated D. national
(11)A. For example B. In contrast C. In response D. Vice versa
(12)A. boom B. develop C. disappear D. suffer
(13)A. ceases B. changes C. increases D. starts
(14)A. difference B. influence C. shift D. variety
(15)A. enrich B. purify C. refresh D. standardize
【分析】本文主要讲的是世界各地都有濒危语言,并且分析了原因.
【解答】1﹣5  CDBCC        6﹣10   CCDAC        11﹣15   CDCCC
1. C.考查短语.at hand 在手头上;at risk 处境危险;in use 在使用;in view 在视野中,此处表示"312种不同的语言在使用",因此选C.
2. D.考查形容词.ancient 古代的;evolving 进化的;local 当地的;surviving 幸存的,此处表示"在幸存下来的语言中",因此选D.
3. B.考查名词.assessment 评估;classification 分类;description 描述;research 研究,此处表示"濒危语言目录的分类体系对四个地区的语言进行评价",因此选B.
4. C.考查名词.age 年龄;background 背景;number 数字;religion 宗教,此处表示"所有说话者的数量",因此选C.
5. C.考查名词.committee 委员会;century 世纪;generation 一代;government 政府,此处表示"这种语言被传达给下一代的频率",因此选C.
6. C.考查名词.content 内容;occupation 职业;situation 情况,形势;theme 主题,此处表示"失去发言人的速度和使用情况",因此选C.
7. C.考查副词.advisedly 谨慎地;efficiently 高效地;primarily 主要地;rarely 几乎不,此处表示"它主要在家里使用,不在学校教授,也不用于政府事务",因此选C.
8. D.考查动词.balance 平衡;complicate 使复杂;historical 历史的;interrelated 相互关联的,此处表示"由于全球化、经济、技术、教育政策和文化态度的变化等诸多相互关联的因素,语言变得岌岌可危.",因此选D.
9. A.考查形容词.cultural 文化的;mental 精神的;moral 道德的;religious 宗教的,此处表示"由于全球化、经济、技术、教育政策和文化态度的变化等诸多相互关联的因素,语言变得岌岌可危.",因此选A.
10. C.考查形容词.foreign 外国的;informal 非正式的;isolated 隔离的;national 国际的,此处表示"随着全球化的力量使世界更加相互联系,以前孤立的语言社区面临着参与更大经济的压力,这意味着学习该地区的大多数语言.",因此选C.
11. C.考查短语.for example 例如;in contrast 作为对比;in response 作为回应;vice versa 反之亦然,此处表示"作为回应,当地学校通常开始教授大多数语言而不是当地语言",因此选C.
12. D.考查动词.boom 繁荣;develop 发展;disappear 消失;suffer 遭受,此处表示"随着社区采用手机和电脑,当地语言也受到影响",因此选D.
13. C.考查动词.cease 停止;change 改变;increase 增加;start 开始,此处表示"随着这些设备将用户连接到Internet,这一趋势也在增加",因此选C.
14. C.考查名词.difference 不同之处;influence 影响;shift 转移;variety 多样化,此处表示"在这一点上,许多社区正在经历一种文化转变,在这种转变中,家长不再重视语言,不足以将其传授给孩子.",因此选C.
15. C.考查动词.enrich 丰富;purify 使纯净;refresh 刷新;standardize 标准化,此处表示"近年来,更新濒危语言的举措越来越多",因此选C.

【点评】本题是完形填空.完形填空注重考查考生整体把握文意的能力,做题时首先要通读全文,了解大意,在此基础上要结合上下文语境以及一些语言和语法知识做出正确的选择.
 
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