C
A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she suffered severely by self-criticism.
This student, like many I teach, strongly believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work. In her mind, “Nothing can stop me but myself”. So when these students fall short of what they imagine they should accomplish, they are filled with self-blame, reasoning, “If my accomplishments are mine to control, my failures must be entirely my faults, too”, which makes it extremely difficult for them to move on.
We often owe young adults struggling with failure to their parents’ overprotection of them from discomfort. But there is another factor at play: a message transmitted by indulging (纵容的) parents who have falsely promised them that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it. However, the cruel reality of life is that you can do everything in your power — and still fail. Then what should be done to help?
Psychologists Luthar and Kumar urge parents and teachers to spend time helping students find purpose, or goals they genuinely love to pursue and that make an impact on the world, which may help them gain greater life satisfaction and become more psychologically mature. Besides, instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we might all question a culture where one is considered lazy without full devotion. The point is to remind them that life has a way of sucker-punching (出其不意) us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
28
What does the underlined phrase “by virtue of” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. in addition to B. in spite of C. by means of D. for fear of
29. The author believes that young adults find it hard to struggle with failure because __________.
A. they are not taught how to deal with difficulties
B. they are short of the ability to handle failure
C. they are under the protection of their parents
D. they are misled by their parents’ false message
30. What did psychologists Luthar and Kumar urge parents and teachers to do?
A. To teach students how to avoid faults.
B. To lead students to set their truly loved goals.
C. To help students to discover a path to success.
D. To allow kids to blame themselves.
31. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Students don’t care about failure at all.
B. Students are sure to succeed if they try their best.
C. Students should bear all the failures on their own.
D. Students with positive attitudes can move on more easily.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了很多学生因为一些失败而自我批评，但现在年轻人很难与失败作斗争是因为其父母对他们的过度保护。心理学家认为老师和家长应该帮助他们找到自身的目标，对世界造成影响，这样可以提高他们生活的满意度并使得他们心理上变得更成熟。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。第二段第2句提到“In her mind, “Nothing can stop me but myself”.”这名学生认为没有什么能够阻止自己除了她自己之外。换句话说，这名学生觉得自己可以通过自己的努力掌握自己的结果。由此推知，划线词组by virtue of 意为“通过”。A. in addition to除……之外；B. in spite of尽管，不顾；C. by means of通过；D. for fear of以免，以防。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。第三段第1、2句提到“We often owe young adults struggling with failure to their parents’ overprotection of them from discomfort. But there is another factor at play: a message transmitted by indulging (纵容的) parents who have falsely promised them that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.”通常情况下我们把年轻人和失败作斗争归因为父母对他们的过度保护，更主要的原因是因为父母的纵容让年轻人以为只要愿意为之奋斗就能取得成就。由此可知，现在的年轻人很难与失败作斗争，因为他们被父母的错误信息误导了。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。第四段第一句提到“Psychologists Luthar and Kumar urge parents and teachers to spend time helping students find purpose, or goals they genuinely love to pursue and that make an impact on the world, which may help them gain greater life satisfaction and become more psychologically mature.”心理学家提出家长和老师可以帮助学生找到自己的目的，或者他们想要追求的目标，这样可以帮助他们提高生活的满意度，使得他们心理上变得更加成熟。由此可知，心理学家建议要指引学生设置他们真正热爱的目标。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。第一段第二句提到“After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she suffered severely by self-criticism.”当她在周末的比赛中犯了错误后，她进行了严格的自我批评，故A项错误。第三段第二句提到“But there is another factor at play: a message transmitted by indulging (纵容的) parents who have falsely promised them that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.”纵容的父母给孩子错误的信息是只要努力就能成功，而事实并不如此，故B项错误。最后一段心理学家提到老师和家长要帮助学生们找到自己的目标，说明学生不能只靠自己的努力承受所有的失败，故C项错误。最后一段最后一句提到“It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.”那些说着“事情就是这样”的人能够更快的站起来，说明心态更好的人能恢复的更快，D项符合文意，故选D。
【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。在第1小题中，可以根据该划线词所在的上下文语境来推测其意义。第二段第2句提到“In her mind, “Nothing can stop me but myself”.”这名学生认为没有什么能够阻止自己除了她自己之外。换句话说，这名学生觉得自己可以通过自己的努力掌握自己的结果。由此推知，划线词组by virtue of 意为“通过”。A. in addition to除……之外；B. in spite of尽管，不顾；C. by means of通过；D. for fear of以免，以防。故选C。
A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she suffered severely by self-criticism.
This student, like many I teach, strongly believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work. In her mind, “Nothing can stop me but myself”. So when these students fall short of what they imagine they should accomplish, they are filled with self-blame, reasoning, “If my accomplishments are mine to control, my failures must be entirely my faults, too”, which makes it extremely difficult for them to move on.
We often owe young adults struggling with failure to their parents’ overprotection of them from discomfort. But there is another factor at play: a message transmitted by indulging (纵容的) parents who have falsely promised them that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it. However, the cruel reality of life is that you can do everything in your power — and still fail. Then what should be done to help?
Psychologists Luthar and Kumar urge parents and teachers to spend time helping students find purpose, or goals they genuinely love to pursue and that make an impact on the world, which may help them gain greater life satisfaction and become more psychologically mature. Besides, instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we might all question a culture where one is considered lazy without full devotion. The point is to remind them that life has a way of sucker-punching (出其不意) us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
28
What does the underlined phrase “by virtue of” in paragraph 2 mean?A. in addition to B. in spite of C. by means of D. for fear of
29. The author believes that young adults find it hard to struggle with failure because __________.
A. they are not taught how to deal with difficulties
B. they are short of the ability to handle failure
C. they are under the protection of their parents
D. they are misled by their parents’ false message
30. What did psychologists Luthar and Kumar urge parents and teachers to do?
A. To teach students how to avoid faults.
B. To lead students to set their truly loved goals.
C. To help students to discover a path to success.
D. To allow kids to blame themselves.
31. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Students don’t care about failure at all.
B. Students are sure to succeed if they try their best.
C. Students should bear all the failures on their own.
D. Students with positive attitudes can move on more easily.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章阐述了很多学生因为一些失败而自我批评，但现在年轻人很难与失败作斗争是因为其父母对他们的过度保护。心理学家认为老师和家长应该帮助他们找到自身的目标，对世界造成影响，这样可以提高他们生活的满意度并使得他们心理上变得更成熟。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。第二段第2句提到“In her mind, “Nothing can stop me but myself”.”这名学生认为没有什么能够阻止自己除了她自己之外。换句话说，这名学生觉得自己可以通过自己的努力掌握自己的结果。由此推知，划线词组by virtue of 意为“通过”。A. in addition to除……之外；B. in spite of尽管，不顾；C. by means of通过；D. for fear of以免，以防。故选C。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。第三段第1、2句提到“We often owe young adults struggling with failure to their parents’ overprotection of them from discomfort. But there is another factor at play: a message transmitted by indulging (纵容的) parents who have falsely promised them that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.”通常情况下我们把年轻人和失败作斗争归因为父母对他们的过度保护，更主要的原因是因为父母的纵容让年轻人以为只要愿意为之奋斗就能取得成就。由此可知，现在的年轻人很难与失败作斗争，因为他们被父母的错误信息误导了。故选D。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。第四段第一句提到“Psychologists Luthar and Kumar urge parents and teachers to spend time helping students find purpose, or goals they genuinely love to pursue and that make an impact on the world, which may help them gain greater life satisfaction and become more psychologically mature.”心理学家提出家长和老师可以帮助学生找到自己的目的，或者他们想要追求的目标，这样可以帮助他们提高生活的满意度，使得他们心理上变得更加成熟。由此可知，心理学家建议要指引学生设置他们真正热爱的目标。故选B。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。第一段第二句提到“After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she suffered severely by self-criticism.”当她在周末的比赛中犯了错误后，她进行了严格的自我批评，故A项错误。第三段第二句提到“But there is another factor at play: a message transmitted by indulging (纵容的) parents who have falsely promised them that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.”纵容的父母给孩子错误的信息是只要努力就能成功，而事实并不如此，故B项错误。最后一段心理学家提到老师和家长要帮助学生们找到自己的目标，说明学生不能只靠自己的努力承受所有的失败，故C项错误。最后一段最后一句提到“It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.”那些说着“事情就是这样”的人能够更快的站起来，说明心态更好的人能恢复的更快，D项符合文意，故选D。
【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。在第1小题中，可以根据该划线词所在的上下文语境来推测其意义。第二段第2句提到“In her mind, “Nothing can stop me but myself”.”这名学生认为没有什么能够阻止自己除了她自己之外。换句话说，这名学生觉得自己可以通过自己的努力掌握自己的结果。由此推知，划线词组by virtue of 意为“通过”。A. in addition to除……之外；B. in spite of尽管，不顾；C. by means of通过；D. for fear of以免，以防。故选C。
