15．（10分）Since the outbreak （爆发） of the pandemic（疫情），it has made its way around the world.
It has a strong influence on our daily life.People have found a way to protect themselves by wearing face masks （口罩）.We must wear masks anywhere in public.But the masks are one ﹣ time items.This means that we need to discard them after one or two uses.The world has seen wasted masks strewn （散布在） all over the streets and filling up garbage bins （垃圾箱）.
Experts have pointed out that the materials used in masks are difficult to degrade （降解）.It will take at least 100 years for them to degrade naturally.Environmentalists become quite worried because a countless number of wasted masks have ended up in the sea!They are polluting the sea!The sea animals suffer （遭受） a lot and so do we humans.If the sea animals eat them by mistake，the rubbish will be hard to digest （消化） and stay in their stomachs forever.The bacteria on the masks may.kill them too.They will not only largely influence the ecological balance （生态平衡） of the sea，but also can spread some more dangerous illnesses.People will also leave these harmful things in their own bodies and may become ill when eating these sea animals.
In general，the harm of wasted masks to the sea is serious，so we must take action to stop it right now.We should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them.
（1）How do people protect themselves in the pandemic？
By wearing face masks .
（2）What does the underlined word"discard"mean in Chinese？
丢弃。
（3）How long will it take for the wasted masks to degrade naturally？
At least 100 years．
（4）What should we do with these wasted masks？
We should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them.
（5）What is the writer's purpose of writing the passage？
The writer tells us the harm of wasted masks to the sea is serious，so we must take action to stop it right now and we should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them．
【分析】作者告诉我们废弃口罩对海洋的危害是严重的，我们必须立即采取行动加以制止，我们应该把它们放在安全的地方，找到一种明智的回收方法。
【解答】（1）By wearing face masks .细节理解题。根据People have found a way to protect themselves by wearing face masks .可知人们已经找到了戴口罩来保护自己的方法。故答案为：By wearing face masks .
（2）丢弃。词义猜测题。根据This means that we need to discard them after one or two uses.可知这意味着我们需要在一两次使用后丢弃它们。所以带下划线的单词"discard"在汉语中是丢弃的意思。故答案为：丢弃。
（3）At least 100 years．细节理解题。根据 Experts have pointed out that the materials used in masks are difficult to degrade .It will take at least 100 years for them to degrade naturally.可知有专家指出，口罩所用的材料很难降解，至少需要100年才能自然降解。故答案为：At least 100 years．
（4）We should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them.细节理解题。根据In general，the harm of wasted masks to the sea is serious，so we must take action to stop it right now.We should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them.可知总的来说，废弃口罩对海洋的危害是严重的，所以我们必须立即采取行动加以制止，我们应该把它们放在安全的地方，找到一种明智的回收方法。故答案为：We should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them.
（5）The writer tells us the harm of wasted masks to the sea is serious，so we must take action to stop it right now and we should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them．主旨大意题。根据 In general，the harm of wasted masks to the sea is serious，so we must take action to stop it right now.We should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them.可知总的来说，废弃口罩对海洋的危害是严重的，所以我们必须立即采取行动加以制止，我们应该把它们放在安全的地方，找到一种明智的回收方法。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉我们废弃口罩对海洋的危害是严重的，我们必须立即采取行动加以制止，我们应该把它们放在安全的地方，找到一种明智的回收方法。故答案为：The writer tells us the harm of wasted masks to the sea is serious，so we must take action to stop it right now and we should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them．
【点评】题目要求根据短文内容回答问题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、从文中提取信息的能力及归纳概括能力。
It has a strong influence on our daily life.People have found a way to protect themselves by wearing face masks （口罩）.We must wear masks anywhere in public.But the masks are one ﹣ time items.This means that we need to discard them after one or two uses.The world has seen wasted masks strewn （散布在） all over the streets and filling up garbage bins （垃圾箱）.
Experts have pointed out that the materials used in masks are difficult to degrade （降解）.It will take at least 100 years for them to degrade naturally.Environmentalists become quite worried because a countless number of wasted masks have ended up in the sea!They are polluting the sea!The sea animals suffer （遭受） a lot and so do we humans.If the sea animals eat them by mistake，the rubbish will be hard to digest （消化） and stay in their stomachs forever.The bacteria on the masks may.kill them too.They will not only largely influence the ecological balance （生态平衡） of the sea，but also can spread some more dangerous illnesses.People will also leave these harmful things in their own bodies and may become ill when eating these sea animals.
In general，the harm of wasted masks to the sea is serious，so we must take action to stop it right now.We should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them.
（1）How do people protect themselves in the pandemic？
By wearing face masks .
（2）What does the underlined word"discard"mean in Chinese？
丢弃。
（3）How long will it take for the wasted masks to degrade naturally？
At least 100 years．
（4）What should we do with these wasted masks？
We should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them.
（5）What is the writer's purpose of writing the passage？
The writer tells us the harm of wasted masks to the sea is serious，so we must take action to stop it right now and we should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them．
【分析】作者告诉我们废弃口罩对海洋的危害是严重的，我们必须立即采取行动加以制止，我们应该把它们放在安全的地方，找到一种明智的回收方法。
【解答】（1）By wearing face masks .细节理解题。根据People have found a way to protect themselves by wearing face masks .可知人们已经找到了戴口罩来保护自己的方法。故答案为：By wearing face masks .
（2）丢弃。词义猜测题。根据This means that we need to discard them after one or two uses.可知这意味着我们需要在一两次使用后丢弃它们。所以带下划线的单词"discard"在汉语中是丢弃的意思。故答案为：丢弃。
（3）At least 100 years．细节理解题。根据 Experts have pointed out that the materials used in masks are difficult to degrade .It will take at least 100 years for them to degrade naturally.可知有专家指出，口罩所用的材料很难降解，至少需要100年才能自然降解。故答案为：At least 100 years．
（4）We should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them.细节理解题。根据In general，the harm of wasted masks to the sea is serious，so we must take action to stop it right now.We should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them.可知总的来说，废弃口罩对海洋的危害是严重的，所以我们必须立即采取行动加以制止，我们应该把它们放在安全的地方，找到一种明智的回收方法。故答案为：We should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them.
（5）The writer tells us the harm of wasted masks to the sea is serious，so we must take action to stop it right now and we should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them．主旨大意题。根据 In general，the harm of wasted masks to the sea is serious，so we must take action to stop it right now.We should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them.可知总的来说，废弃口罩对海洋的危害是严重的，所以我们必须立即采取行动加以制止，我们应该把它们放在安全的地方，找到一种明智的回收方法。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉我们废弃口罩对海洋的危害是严重的，我们必须立即采取行动加以制止，我们应该把它们放在安全的地方，找到一种明智的回收方法。故答案为：The writer tells us the harm of wasted masks to the sea is serious，so we must take action to stop it right now and we should leave them in a safe place and find a wise way to recycle them．
【点评】题目要求根据短文内容回答问题，主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、从文中提取信息的能力及归纳概括能力。
