B
(2021年1月浙江,阅读理解C)
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩) use to communicate.They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures.The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda,and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter,who led the research,said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom.Only humans and chimps,she said,had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said.“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call,the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages.This was a significant difference between calls and gestures,Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate.In one case,a mother presents her foot to her crying baby,signalling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother’s back and they travel off together.“The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication,so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz,an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language.But,she added,the results were “a little disappointing”.
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate,or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said.“Moreover,the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication.So,it seems the gulf remains.”
5.What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A.Memorizing specific words.
B.Understanding complex information.
C.Using voices to communicate.
D.Communicating messages on purpose.
6.What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A.It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B.It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
7.What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Difference. B.Conflict.
C.Balance. D.Connection.
8.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B.Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C.Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D.Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps...had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.”可知,人类和黑猩猩的相似之处就是有目的地传递信息,进行沟通。故选D。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第六段“...the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge...she added,the results were ‘a little disappointing’.”可知,她认为这个研究丰富了原有的知识,但还是有不足。故选B。
7.A 词义猜测题。上文表达的是目前研究所得关于黑猩猩手势表达的含义还没有超出其他动物的非声音方式所表达的含义,换句话说,接下来的研究需要进一步揭示所存在的不同。故选A。
8.D 标题归纳题。结合全文来看都围绕着黑猩猩的语言沟通系统进行阐述,而不是A项“黑猩猩行为研究学有重大突破”、B项“黑猩猩进化出特殊的沟通技巧”和C项“黑猩猩是动物王国中最聪明的物种”。故选D。
(2021年1月浙江,阅读理解C)
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees(黑猩猩) use to communicate.They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures.The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda,and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter,who led the research,said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom.Only humans and chimps,she said,had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
“That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said.“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call,the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages.This was a significant difference between calls and gestures,Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate.In one case,a mother presents her foot to her crying baby,signalling: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother’s back and they travel off together.“The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication,so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz,an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language.But,she added,the results were “a little disappointing”.
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate,or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said.“Moreover,the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication.So,it seems the gulf remains.”
5.What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A.Memorizing specific words.
B.Understanding complex information.
C.Using voices to communicate.
D.Communicating messages on purpose.
6.What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A.It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B.It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C.It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D.It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
7.What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Difference. B.Conflict.
C.Balance. D.Connection.
8.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B.Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C.Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D.Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps...had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.”可知,人类和黑猩猩的相似之处就是有目的地传递信息,进行沟通。故选D。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第六段“...the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge...she added,the results were ‘a little disappointing’.”可知,她认为这个研究丰富了原有的知识,但还是有不足。故选B。
7.A 词义猜测题。上文表达的是目前研究所得关于黑猩猩手势表达的含义还没有超出其他动物的非声音方式所表达的含义,换句话说,接下来的研究需要进一步揭示所存在的不同。故选A。
8.D 标题归纳题。结合全文来看都围绕着黑猩猩的语言沟通系统进行阐述,而不是A项“黑猩猩行为研究学有重大突破”、B项“黑猩猩进化出特殊的沟通技巧”和C项“黑猩猩是动物王国中最聪明的物种”。故选D。
