[2021·石家庄市高三联考]When we learn to drive, we need to learn basic skills such as how to switch on the engine, turn on the wipers, operate the brakes, etc. before we actually take to the road. Once the lower order operations and skills listed above have been automatized or at least routinized to the extent that we do not have to pay attention to them (bypass Working Memory's attentional systems), we can actually be safe in the assumption that we can wholly focus on the higher order skills which will allow us to take the split seconds decisions that will prevent us from getting lost, clash with other cars, break the traffic laws while dealing with our children messing about in the back seats.
This is what the brain does, too, when learning languages. Because Working Memory has a very limited space available when performing any task, the brain has learnt to automatize lower order skills so that, by being performed “subconsciously” they free up cognitive(认知)space. So, for instance, if I am an advanced speaker who has routinized accurate pronunciation, grammar and syntax to a fairly high degree, I will be able to devote more conscious attention (Working Memory space) to the message I want to put across.On the other hand, if I still struggle with pronunciation, word order, irregular verb forms and tenses most of my attention will be taken up by the mechanics of what I want to say, rather than the meaning; this will slow me down and limit my ability to think through what I want to say due to cognitive overload.
In language teaching this important principle translates as follows: in order to enable our students to focus on the higher order skills involved in comprehension and production we need to ensure that the lowerorder ones have been acquired or performance will be reduced.
1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?
A．We should improve our driving skills on the road.
B．Our basic driving will be better as time goes on and on.
C．Only by mastering driving skills can we drive safely.
D．We must operate automatically when driving on the roads.
2．Why does the author use driving as an example in expressing his points?
A．Learning languages has specific characters.
B．Skillful driving benefits language learning.
C．Driving safely is harder than language learning.
D．Driving and language learning share similar skills.
3．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The meaning we want to express.
B．Struggle with language learning problems.
C．Spending more time on the topic.
D．Devoting more conscious attention.
4．What conclusion can we draw from the text?
A．Well begun, half done.
B．It is never too old to learn.
C．Practice makes perfect.
D．Learn to walk before you run.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。全文用开车为例，说明在语言学习中，先把基础性的内容学好，然后再做高层次的事情的重要性。
1．C 主旨大意题。从第一段作者讲述的在路上先把开车的基本技能掌握好的说法看，作者认为只有精通驾驶技巧，我们才能安全开车。
2．D 推理判断题。从作者讲述开车的技能与语言的技能看，开车与学习语言有一些共性的东西可以借鉴。
3．B 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“will slow me down and limit my ability to think through what I want to say due to cognitive overload”可知，这里讲述的是如果单词的发音、单词顺序等方面有困难，会对语言运用产生影响。
4．D 推理判断题。作者以学习开车为例推理到语言学习，都是在讲述把基础打牢的好处，故选D。
This is what the brain does, too, when learning languages. Because Working Memory has a very limited space available when performing any task, the brain has learnt to automatize lower order skills so that, by being performed “subconsciously” they free up cognitive(认知)space. So, for instance, if I am an advanced speaker who has routinized accurate pronunciation, grammar and syntax to a fairly high degree, I will be able to devote more conscious attention (Working Memory space) to the message I want to put across.On the other hand, if I still struggle with pronunciation, word order, irregular verb forms and tenses most of my attention will be taken up by the mechanics of what I want to say, rather than the meaning; this will slow me down and limit my ability to think through what I want to say due to cognitive overload.
In language teaching this important principle translates as follows: in order to enable our students to focus on the higher order skills involved in comprehension and production we need to ensure that the lowerorder ones have been acquired or performance will be reduced.
1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?
A．We should improve our driving skills on the road.
B．Our basic driving will be better as time goes on and on.
C．Only by mastering driving skills can we drive safely.
D．We must operate automatically when driving on the roads.
2．Why does the author use driving as an example in expressing his points?
A．Learning languages has specific characters.
B．Skillful driving benefits language learning.
C．Driving safely is harder than language learning.
D．Driving and language learning share similar skills.
3．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The meaning we want to express.
B．Struggle with language learning problems.
C．Spending more time on the topic.
D．Devoting more conscious attention.
4．What conclusion can we draw from the text?
A．Well begun, half done.
B．It is never too old to learn.
C．Practice makes perfect.
D．Learn to walk before you run.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。全文用开车为例，说明在语言学习中，先把基础性的内容学好，然后再做高层次的事情的重要性。
1．C 主旨大意题。从第一段作者讲述的在路上先把开车的基本技能掌握好的说法看，作者认为只有精通驾驶技巧，我们才能安全开车。
2．D 推理判断题。从作者讲述开车的技能与语言的技能看，开车与学习语言有一些共性的东西可以借鉴。
3．B 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“will slow me down and limit my ability to think through what I want to say due to cognitive overload”可知，这里讲述的是如果单词的发音、单词顺序等方面有困难，会对语言运用产生影响。
4．D 推理判断题。作者以学习开车为例推理到语言学习，都是在讲述把基础打牢的好处，故选D。
