（十）
Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social 136 of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will 137 in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 138 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly 139 to share food with their children. who are able from a young age to gather their own food?
In the laboratory, chimps don't 140 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull 141 —he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, 142 , are extremely cooperative From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this 143 in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 144 in young children. One is that these 145 appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave 146 Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence 147 in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared with chimps In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the 148 world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.
The core of what children's minds have and chimps' don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can 149 what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a "we", a group that intends to work toward a(n) 150 goal.
136．A．structures B．policies C．behaviors D．responsibilities
137．A．conflict B．cooperate C．offend D．negotiate
138．A．trust B．contact C．isolate D．help
139．A．decline B．manage C．attempt D．oblige
140．A．curiously B．reluctantly C．naturally D．carelessly
141．A．in turn B．at random C．with care D．in advance
142．A．all in all B．as a result C．in no case D．on the other hand
143．A．Cooperativeness B．availability C．interrelationship D．attractiveness
144．A．cultivated B．motivated C．possessed D．stimulated
145．A．attitudes B．instincts C．experiences D．coincidences
146．A．creatively B．formally C．socially D．competitively
147．A．develops B．decreases C．changes D．disappears
148．A．abstract B．invisible C．imaginary D．physical
149．A．infer B．adapt C．absorb D．balance
150．A．realistic B．shared C．specific D．Ambitious
（十）
【答案】136~140.CBDAC 141~145.BDACB 146~150.CADAB
Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social 136 of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will 137 in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 138 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly 139 to share food with their children. who are able from a young age to gather their own food?
In the laboratory, chimps don't 140 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull 141 —he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, 142 , are extremely cooperative From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this 143 in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 144 in young children. One is that these 145 appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave 146 Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence 147 in children before their general cognitive skills, at least when compared with chimps In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the 148 world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.
The core of what children's minds have and chimps' don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can 149 what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a "we", a group that intends to work toward a(n) 150 goal.
136．A．structures B．policies C．behaviors D．responsibilities
137．A．conflict B．cooperate C．offend D．negotiate
138．A．trust B．contact C．isolate D．help
139．A．decline B．manage C．attempt D．oblige
140．A．curiously B．reluctantly C．naturally D．carelessly
141．A．in turn B．at random C．with care D．in advance
142．A．all in all B．as a result C．in no case D．on the other hand
143．A．Cooperativeness B．availability C．interrelationship D．attractiveness
144．A．cultivated B．motivated C．possessed D．stimulated
145．A．attitudes B．instincts C．experiences D．coincidences
146．A．creatively B．formally C．socially D．competitively
147．A．develops B．decreases C．changes D．disappears
148．A．abstract B．invisible C．imaginary D．physical
149．A．infer B．adapt C．absorb D．balance
150．A．realistic B．shared C．specific D．Ambitious
（十）
【答案】136~140.CBDAC 141~145.BDACB 146~150.CADAB
