Most of the new diseases we humans have faced in the past several decades have come from animals. The more we come into contact with wild animals, the more we risk a so-called disease “spillover” from animals to humans.
“As people move and wildlife move in response to a changing environment, humans and wildlife and animals will come in contact more regularly,” said Jeanne Fair from the
Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will also make the opportunities for disease spillover more frequent. “Everything is sort of shifting and will shift into the future as the environment changes through climate change,” Fair said.
Scientists, including climatologists and epidemiologists on Fair’s team at Los Alamos, are beginning to model how changes to the climate will impact the spread of infectious diseases. It’s early days for this kind of research, but previous studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a role in at least one outbreak. Scientists say drought and deforestation have combined to force bats out of rainforests and into orchards in Malaysia to find food. Those bats, a common disease reservoir, then passed the Nipah virus through pigs to humans for the first time in the late 1990s.
“We’re going by the past data to really predict what’s going to happen in the future,”
Fair said, “And so, anytime you increase that wildlife-human interface（界面）, that’s sort of an emerging disease hot spot. And so, that’s just increasing as we go forward.”
Jeffrey Shaman, head of the climate and health program at Columbia University’s public health school, argues we don’t yet know whether climate change will cause a net increase in infectious disease rates globally. For example, mosquitos carry disease that affects millions of people across the world every year. As their habitats expand in some parts of the world, they might contract diseases elsewhere. Shaman says what we know for certain about climate change is that it will make it harder to predict where disease outbreaks will pop up.
32.What does the underlined word ‘spillover’in Paragraph One mean?
A. Appearance.    B. Distribution.    C. Promotion.    D. Spread.
33.What is the purpose of the example of bats in paragraph 3? A.To explain the influence of Nipah virus.
B.To prove the harm of bats to human beings.
C.To show the effects of climate change on disease.
D.To present scientists’ early study about the cause of disease.
34.What can we infer from Fair’s words in paragraph 4?
A.Humans should give up studying animals.
B.Past data can solve the problems in the future.
C.Disease hot spots will disappear if animals die out
D.Frequent contact with animals can cause disease outbreaks.
35.What could be the best title for the text?
A.Climate Change and Disease Spillover
B.Animals’ Interaction with Humans
C.Early Studies about Extreme Weather
D.Scientists’ Prediction for Disease Outbreaks

D 篇：本文聚焦气候变化给人类带来的影响，尤其会引起因人畜接触而产生的疾病的集中暴发。
【32 题】词义猜测题。答案选 D。根据第一段的描述可以得知。
【33 题】推理判断题。答案选C。文中举蝙蝠的事例就是为了更好的表明气候变化对疾病
产生的影响，从第三段第一句 model how changes to the climate will impact the spread of infectious diseases 可以得知。
【34 题】推理判断题。答案选D。第四段 Fair 所言主要是更好的阐述第三段的意思，并从
anytime you increase that wildlife-human interface（界面）, that’s sort of an emerging disease hot
spot 得知，其主要用意是过多的接触interface野生动物将会引起疾病暴发。
【35 题】主旨大意题。答案选A。文章关注的是气候变化导致的环境变化，以及过多与野生动物的接触将导致疾病的暴发，故选择 A。B 选项范围太大，C、D 选项太片面。