(2019·山东东营) What’s a spacewalk? Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft (航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects ( 影响) different things. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.
When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen (氧气) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astronauts from floating (漂浮) away into space. Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space.
How do astronauts train for spacewalks? One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool. For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实). It looks and feels just like a spacewalk.
Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.
41. About the spacewalk, we can know ____________.
A. some things can be fixed by astronauts during spacewalks
B. all experiments must be placed on the outside of a spacecraft
C. an astronaut can get out of a spacecraft any time while in space
D. a spacewalk lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things
42. How many ways to keep the astronauts safe during spacewalks?
A. Two.            B. Three.              C. Four.              D. Five.
43. What’s the meaning of the word “tethers” in Paragraph 2?
A. 吊篮           B.系绳                 C.笼子              D.钩子
44. Astronauts train for spacewalks by _________.
A. floating in space
B. using virtual reality
C. going on spacewalks outside a spacecraft
D. training in water in a common swimming pool
45. According to the passage, which is NOT true?
A. China can finish a spacewalk independently.
B. Astronauts can breathe and drink in spacesuits.
C. Astronauts can move around in space with the help of SAFER.
D. Anatoly Solovyev is the first person to go on a spacewalk in the world.

体裁

说明文

话题

20．自然之宇宙

词数

341

 
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是宇航员如何走出航天器，进行太空漫步的。文中还介绍了宇航员在地球上的模拟环境中如何进行太空漫步训练以及世界上实现了太空漫步的国家和宇航员。
41. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段末句By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.可知在太空漫步期间，宇航员可以固定一些东西，而不是把它们带回到地球上去固定。故选A。
42. C 【解析】细节理解题。第二段描述了太空漫步需要具备的四个条件：宇航员必须身穿特殊的宇航服；进出航天器必须通过一个特殊的门；宇航员必须不脱离航天器；宇航员必须身穿一个形状类似背包的“SAFER”。故选C。
43. B【解析】词义猜测题。画线单词所在句意为：tether是一种把宇航员和航天器保持连接在一起的形状像绳子一样的东西。结合选项提示可推断tether意为“系绳”。故选B。
44. B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：宇航员是通过________来进行太空漫步训练的。A项“在太空中漂浮”；B项“利用虚拟现实”；C项“在航天器外面进行太空漫步”；D项“在一个普通的游泳池里的水里面训练”。根据第三段中的“Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality”可知：进行太空漫步训练的方式之一是利用虚拟现实。故选B。
45. D【解析】【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据这篇短文，下列说法哪一个是不正确的？A项“中国可以独立地完成太空漫步”；B项“宇航员可以在宇航服里呼吸氧气和喝水”；C项“在SAFER的帮助下，宇航员可以在太空中到处移动”；D项“Anatoly Solovyev是世界上第一个进行太空行走的人”。通读原文可知：选项A，B和C说法是正确的。根据最后一段中的“The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia.”可知：在太空中漫步的第一个人是Alexei Leonov，不是Anatoly Solovyev。故选项D说法错误。故选D。