Passage 37【2020 •铁岭葫芦岛】

If you live in Shanghai, you might have taken a "lesson" on garbage sorting(垃圾分类), Shanghai is the first city to carry out(实施)strict rules on garbage sorting. People in Shanghai know that garbage is sorted into four categories(类别)—recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. If people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan, while companies will have to pay between 1,000 to 50,000 yuan for breaking the rules. Since the rules took effect, the amount of total daily waste in Shanghai has been reduced. The city also rebuilt 21,000 waste-sorting stations and more than 40,000 waste bins have been updated.
However, there have also been some problems. Some people complained that it is difficult to deal with wet garbage, as they are asked to remove wet garbage from its bag when dumping. According to the sorting rules, the wet garbage must go in the wet waste bin and the bag must go in the dry waste bin. Because the wet garbage will decompose(分解)properly ad become useful organic(有机的)waste.
By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will be set up in 46 cities in our country. Everyone should take an active part in garbage sorting.
41. ________ is the first city to carry out strict rules on garbage sorting.
A. Beijing B. Shanghai C. Shenzhen D. Chongqing
42. Garbage sorting includes four categories—recyclable, ________, dry and wet waste.
A. harmful B. useful C. helpful D. colorful
43. The underlined word "fined" means "________"in Chinese.
A. 责备 B. 奖励 C. 罚款 D. 提高
44. _______, garbage-sorting systems will be set up in 46 cities around the country.
A. In 2021 B. By the end of 2020 C. Since 2020 D. At the beginning of 2020
45. According to the passage, we can learn that garbage sorting is ________.
A. awful B. relaxing C. painful D. necessary
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了以上海为首的城市正在积极地实行垃圾分类政策，我们每个人都应参与到垃圾分类中来。
41.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Shanghai is the first city to carry out(实施)strict rules on garbage sorting”可知，上海是第一个严格实施垃圾分类政策的城市。故选B。
42.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“People in Shanghai know that garbage is sorted into four categories(类别)—recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste”可知，垃圾分类包括：可回收物、有害垃圾、干垃圾和湿垃圾。故选A。
43.C【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“If people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200yuan”可知，如果垃圾分类不当，最高可处罚款200元，故划线部分fined意为“罚款”。故选C。
44.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems will be set up in 46 cities in our country”可知，到2020年底，我国46个城市将建成垃圾分类系统。故选B。
45.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Since the rules took effect, the amount of total daily waste in Shanghai has been reduced”及最后一段“Everyone should take an active part in garbage sorting”可知，上海自从实行垃圾分类政策，垃圾总量明显减少，我们每个人都应该积极实行垃圾分类，故实行垃圾分类是必要的。故选D。