每日一练14
I’m not sure which is more frightened, me 1 the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on 2 path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins 3 (scream) at the top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the loudest of all. The noise 4 (shake) the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower 5 (I), ducking my head to avoid looking 6 (direct) into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a scientist 7 studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 8 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad 9 (find) them alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message 10 (deliver), he allowed me to stay and watch.
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 11
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 12 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolves(逐步形成) so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 13
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 14 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 15 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations. 16
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. 17 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 18 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
19 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
20 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,内容包括：1.到达时间2.合适的礼物3.餐桌礼仪
Dear Terry,
1. or 2. a 3. screaming/to scream 4. shakes 5. myself
6. directly 7. who/that 8. for 9. to find 10. was delivered
11-15 CEFGB 16-20 FGEAD
写作：
Dear Terry,
Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am extremely delighted to put forward some advice.
To begin with, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture. Additionally, if I were you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Furthermore, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, when you are enjoying the meal, be sure to avoid making noises while chewing food.
If you have any other problems, please don’t hesitate to contact me.
I’m not sure which is more frightened, me 1 the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on 2 path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins 3 (scream) at the top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the loudest of all. The noise 4 (shake) the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower 5 (I), ducking my head to avoid looking 6 (direct) into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.
My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a scientist 7 studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 8 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad 9 (find) them alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!” Once his message 10 (deliver), he allowed me to stay and watch.
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 11
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 12 We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolves(逐步形成) so that connections between neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day. 13
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 14 The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. 15 “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various. Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits. The main reasons we get angry are triggering（触发）events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations. 16
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching, experiencing physical pain, and much more. 17 The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry. 18 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
19 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself. Sometimes ignorance and negative (消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
20 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may or may not trigger another.
假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,内容包括：1.到达时间2.合适的礼物3.餐桌礼仪
Dear Terry,
Yours,
Li Hua
Li Hua
1. or 2. a 3. screaming/to scream 4. shakes 5. myself
6. directly 7. who/that 8. for 9. to find 10. was delivered
11-15 CEFGB 16-20 FGEAD
写作：
Dear Terry,
Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am extremely delighted to put forward some advice.
To begin with, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture. Additionally, if I were you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Furthermore, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, when you are enjoying the meal, be sure to avoid making noises while chewing food.
If you have any other problems, please don’t hesitate to contact me.
Yours,
Li Hua
Li Hua
