第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For decades doctors have warned patients that too much salt can be bad for the heart. Heart attack has long been considered a grown-up problem. ____11____ Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.
Salt is made up of two elements: sodium and chlorine 伟内禾口氯）.Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged 9-13 shouldn't consume more than about a teaspoon of sodium daily. ____12____ This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the body producing more blood. To pump the extra blood, the heart has to work harder. This causes a rise in blood pressure 一- a measurement of how stressed the heart is. High blood pressure often leads to heart disease.
A kid with high blood pressure is more likely to become a grown-up with high blood pressure.
____13____ British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy （碳酸）drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure.
____14____ A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones （肾结石）.This painful condition usually affects people aged over 40. Now, kids as young as five are getting it.
Cutting down on salt can be hard, but you can retrain yourself to prefer less salty food. The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually. ____15____ Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions. And go easy on the condiments （调味品）.You might also want to start reading nutrition labels. You may be surprised to learn that there are 1,150 mg of sodium in a double cheeseburger, and over 2,000 mg in many frozen meals.
A. Salt isn't the only cause of diseases.
B. The average American eats twice this amount.
C. Salt can affect more than just your heart and weight.
D. Reducing salt might also help stop childhood obesity.
E. But new research suggests that salt is starting to affect children.
F. Start by adding half as much salt to your dinner as you normally do.
G. Cutting down on salt now can lower a person's risk of heart disease.
【答案】11. E 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。文章介绍了过度的盐摄入量会给儿童健康带来的不良影响，并提出如何减少盐摄入量的建议。
【11题详解】
前文“Heart attack has long been considered a grown-up problem.”(心脏病一直被认为是一个成年人的问题。)和选项E中的“salt is starting to affect children”(盐开始影响到儿童)构成转折关系，对应选项E中的转折词but，根据后文“Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.”(当你小的时候，吃太多咸的食物会导致以后的健康问题。)可知，此处是指小时候吃太多盐会有不好的影响，所以选项E“但新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。”切合文意。故选E。
【12题详解】
根据前文“Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged 9-13 shouldn't consume more than about a teaspoon of sodium daily.”(膳食指南建议，成年人和9-13岁的孩子每天摄入的钠不应该超过一茶匙。)可知，选项B中的this amount是指一茶匙，根据后文“This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the body producing more blood.”(这让医生们很担心，因为过量的钠会导致身体产生更多的血液。)可知，人们普遍的钠摄入量都超过了每天一茶匙，所以选项B“美国人的平均摄入量是这个的两倍。”切合文意。故选B。
【13题详解】
根据后文“British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy(碳酸) drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure.”(英国研究人员最近发现，少吃盐的孩子也少喝含糖软饮料。少喝碳酸饮料会降低孩子体重、肥胖和高血压的可能性。)可知，此处是讲减少盐摄入量有助于阻止肥胖问题，所以选项D“减少盐摄入量也可能有助于阻止儿童肥胖。”切合文意。故选D。
【14题详解】
根据后文“A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones”(最近的一项研究发现，美国越来越多的孩子患有肾结石)可知，此处是讲除了前文中提到的肥胖和心脏问题之外，还会有其它的问题。所以选项C“盐影响的不仅仅是你的心脏和体重。”切合文意。故选C。
【15题详解】
根据前文“The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually.”(减少钠摄入量的最好方法是逐步改变。)和后文“Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions.”(换吃新鲜食品，而不是罐装和瓶装食品。)可知，此处是讲如何逐步减少钠摄入量。所以选项F“开始时，在你的晚餐中加入平常一半的盐。”切合文意。故选F。
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For decades doctors have warned patients that too much salt can be bad for the heart. Heart attack has long been considered a grown-up problem. ____11____ Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.
Salt is made up of two elements: sodium and chlorine 伟内禾口氯）.Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged 9-13 shouldn't consume more than about a teaspoon of sodium daily. ____12____ This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the body producing more blood. To pump the extra blood, the heart has to work harder. This causes a rise in blood pressure 一- a measurement of how stressed the heart is. High blood pressure often leads to heart disease.
A kid with high blood pressure is more likely to become a grown-up with high blood pressure.
____13____ British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy （碳酸）drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure.
____14____ A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones （肾结石）.This painful condition usually affects people aged over 40. Now, kids as young as five are getting it.
Cutting down on salt can be hard, but you can retrain yourself to prefer less salty food. The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually. ____15____ Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions. And go easy on the condiments （调味品）.You might also want to start reading nutrition labels. You may be surprised to learn that there are 1,150 mg of sodium in a double cheeseburger, and over 2,000 mg in many frozen meals.
A. Salt isn't the only cause of diseases.
B. The average American eats twice this amount.
C. Salt can affect more than just your heart and weight.
D. Reducing salt might also help stop childhood obesity.
E. But new research suggests that salt is starting to affect children.
F. Start by adding half as much salt to your dinner as you normally do.
G. Cutting down on salt now can lower a person's risk of heart disease.
【答案】11. E 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。文章介绍了过度的盐摄入量会给儿童健康带来的不良影响，并提出如何减少盐摄入量的建议。
【11题详解】
前文“Heart attack has long been considered a grown-up problem.”(心脏病一直被认为是一个成年人的问题。)和选项E中的“salt is starting to affect children”(盐开始影响到儿童)构成转折关系，对应选项E中的转折词but，根据后文“Eating too much salty food when you're young can lead to health problems later.”(当你小的时候，吃太多咸的食物会导致以后的健康问题。)可知，此处是指小时候吃太多盐会有不好的影响，所以选项E“但新的研究表明，盐开始影响儿童。”切合文意。故选E。
【12题详解】
根据前文“Dietary guidelines recommend that adults and kids aged 9-13 shouldn't consume more than about a teaspoon of sodium daily.”(膳食指南建议，成年人和9-13岁的孩子每天摄入的钠不应该超过一茶匙。)可知，选项B中的this amount是指一茶匙，根据后文“This worries doctors because too much sodium results in the body producing more blood.”(这让医生们很担心，因为过量的钠会导致身体产生更多的血液。)可知，人们普遍的钠摄入量都超过了每天一茶匙，所以选项B“美国人的平均摄入量是这个的两倍。”切合文意。故选B。
【13题详解】
根据后文“British researchers recently found that kids who eat less salt also drink fewer sugary soft drinks. Drinking fewer fizzy(碳酸) drinks makes kids less likely to gain weight, become obese and develop high blood pressure.”(英国研究人员最近发现，少吃盐的孩子也少喝含糖软饮料。少喝碳酸饮料会降低孩子体重、肥胖和高血压的可能性。)可知，此处是讲减少盐摄入量有助于阻止肥胖问题，所以选项D“减少盐摄入量也可能有助于阻止儿童肥胖。”切合文意。故选D。
【14题详解】
根据后文“A recent study found that a growing number of kids in the US are suffering from kidney stones”(最近的一项研究发现，美国越来越多的孩子患有肾结石)可知，此处是讲除了前文中提到的肥胖和心脏问题之外，还会有其它的问题。所以选项C“盐影响的不仅仅是你的心脏和体重。”切合文意。故选C。
【15题详解】
根据前文“The best way to reduce the amount of sodium you eat is to make changes gradually.”(减少钠摄入量的最好方法是逐步改变。)和后文“Switch to fresh foods instead of canned and bottled versions.”(换吃新鲜食品，而不是罐装和瓶装食品。)可知，此处是讲如何逐步减少钠摄入量。所以选项F“开始时，在你的晚餐中加入平常一半的盐。”切合文意。故选F。
