C
Should we focus on our goal, or on the process?
What happened to Brenda Martinez, a US Olympic runner, may provide us with the answer. She lost her balance in the 800-meter run and failed to qualify for the Olympics. Instead of focusing on her failure, she prepared to win in the next race. “I just quickly let go of what happened in the 800m and got back to my routine, focusing on all the little things I could do to give me the best chance of running well later in the week,” she told New York Magazine. She said it was this mindset that led to her winning third place in the 1500-meter race about a week later to qualify for the Olympics in Rio. Instead of devoting herself to the goal of participating in the Olympics, she concentrated on the process.
There is a problem with setting goals. Researchers from Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania and Northwestern, found that overemphasizing goals based on measurable outcomes often leads to risk-taking, unethical(不道德的)behavior and reduced motivation. Their results were published in a Harvard Business School report titled “Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Over-Prescribing Goal Setting.”
When you become overly focused on achieving the goal, you may lose sight of your original purpose for accomplishing the goal in the first place. Another danger is actually completing the goal without setting a plan for what's next. For example, some marathon runners experience what's called the “post-race blues”. Achieving your goal may cause you to drop the good habits that got you there in the first place. Dieters often experience this in what's called “yo-yo dieting” when they drop down to a desired weight, but then gain all the weight back when they resume(重新开始)their bad habits.
“After you set a goal, it's best to shift your focus from the goal itself to the process that gives you the best chance of achieving it and to judge yourself based on how well you complete that process,” columnist Brad Stulberg wrote on the website The Cut.
Ultimately, changing your attention from goals to the process will cause you to achieve little victories on your way to accomplishing long-term goals. Amy Cuddy, a Harvard Business School psychology professor, wrote that focusing on this process left you with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment, regardless of the measurable outcome.
8.Why is Brenda Martinez's experience mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A.To show opportunity favors the prepared mind.
B.To describe how important it is to set big goals.
C.To suggest learning from failure can bring success.
D.To show how focusing on the process can lead to success.
9.According to Paragraph 3, what could overemphasizing goals bring about?
A.The use of unfair means.
B.Ignoring the whole picture.
C.Overestimating the setbacks.
D.Being stressed by the risks involved.
10.With the examples in Paragraph 4, the author intends to show that .
A.we can't focus on the goal too much
B.we must keep in mind why we set the goal
C.we should resume our habits when completing the goal
D.we should accept it is normal to feel down after success
11.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?
A.Ways of judging a goal.
B.Ways to set long-term goals.
C.The best chance of achieving goals.
D.Benefits of focusing on the process.
C
这是一篇议论文。文章通过现实事例表达了作者的观点:做事时不要过分专注于目标,而要更多地专注于实现目标的过程。
8.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的She lost her balance in the 800-meter run and failed to qualify for the Olympics. Instead of focusing on her failure, she prepared to win in the next race.和She said it was this mindset that led to her winning third place...she concentrated on the process.可知,第二段中提到Brenda Martinez的经历是为了展示专注于过程是如何让人走向成功的。故选D项。
9.A 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知,设定目标有一个问题,研究发现,过分强调目标往往会导致冒险、不道德的行为和减少动力,使用不公平的手段正是不道德的行为的一个例子。由此可推断出,过分强调目标可能导致使用不公平的手段,故选A项。
10.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的When you become overly focused on achieving the goal, you may lose sight of your original purpose for accomplishing the goal in the first place.和Achieving your goal may cause you to drop the good habits that got you there in the first place.可知,作者列举了马拉松运动员和节食者的例子,告诉我们过度专注于实现目标,可能会让我们忘记实现目标的初衷,放弃当初让你达到目标的好习惯,事实上,我们应该记得设定目标的初衷并保持这些好习惯。由此可知,通过第四段中的例子,作者打算表明我们必须牢记我们为什么设定一个目标。故选B项。本题易误选A项,文中讲了过度专注于目标的不利方面,但这是为作者想表达的观点“记住设定目标的初衷”而服务的,而不是作者真正想表达的意思。
11.D 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段内容可知专栏作家Brad Stulberg在网站The Cut上写道:“设定目标后,你最好将注意力从目标本身转移到给你实现目标最大的可能的过程上,并根据你完成这一过程完成得有多好来评判自己。”根据最后一段可知,最终把你的注意力从目标转移到实现目标的过程中会使你在实现长期目标的道路上取得小小的胜利。关注过程让你产生一种满足感和成就感。在最后两段中,作者引用了专栏作家Brad Stulberg和哈佛商学院心理学教授Amy Cuddy的话,告诉我们把注意力从目标转移到过程中有利于实现长期目标并带来精神上的好处。由此可知,最后两段主要讲了关注过程的好处。故选D项。
Should we focus on our goal, or on the process?
What happened to Brenda Martinez, a US Olympic runner, may provide us with the answer. She lost her balance in the 800-meter run and failed to qualify for the Olympics. Instead of focusing on her failure, she prepared to win in the next race. “I just quickly let go of what happened in the 800m and got back to my routine, focusing on all the little things I could do to give me the best chance of running well later in the week,” she told New York Magazine. She said it was this mindset that led to her winning third place in the 1500-meter race about a week later to qualify for the Olympics in Rio. Instead of devoting herself to the goal of participating in the Olympics, she concentrated on the process.
There is a problem with setting goals. Researchers from Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania and Northwestern, found that overemphasizing goals based on measurable outcomes often leads to risk-taking, unethical(不道德的)behavior and reduced motivation. Their results were published in a Harvard Business School report titled “Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Over-Prescribing Goal Setting.”
When you become overly focused on achieving the goal, you may lose sight of your original purpose for accomplishing the goal in the first place. Another danger is actually completing the goal without setting a plan for what's next. For example, some marathon runners experience what's called the “post-race blues”. Achieving your goal may cause you to drop the good habits that got you there in the first place. Dieters often experience this in what's called “yo-yo dieting” when they drop down to a desired weight, but then gain all the weight back when they resume(重新开始)their bad habits.
“After you set a goal, it's best to shift your focus from the goal itself to the process that gives you the best chance of achieving it and to judge yourself based on how well you complete that process,” columnist Brad Stulberg wrote on the website The Cut.
Ultimately, changing your attention from goals to the process will cause you to achieve little victories on your way to accomplishing long-term goals. Amy Cuddy, a Harvard Business School psychology professor, wrote that focusing on this process left you with a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment, regardless of the measurable outcome.
8.Why is Brenda Martinez's experience mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A.To show opportunity favors the prepared mind.
B.To describe how important it is to set big goals.
C.To suggest learning from failure can bring success.
D.To show how focusing on the process can lead to success.
9.According to Paragraph 3, what could overemphasizing goals bring about?
A.The use of unfair means.
B.Ignoring the whole picture.
C.Overestimating the setbacks.
D.Being stressed by the risks involved.
10.With the examples in Paragraph 4, the author intends to show that .
A.we can't focus on the goal too much
B.we must keep in mind why we set the goal
C.we should resume our habits when completing the goal
D.we should accept it is normal to feel down after success
11.What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?
A.Ways of judging a goal.
B.Ways to set long-term goals.
C.The best chance of achieving goals.
D.Benefits of focusing on the process.
C
这是一篇议论文。文章通过现实事例表达了作者的观点:做事时不要过分专注于目标,而要更多地专注于实现目标的过程。
8.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中的She lost her balance in the 800-meter run and failed to qualify for the Olympics. Instead of focusing on her failure, she prepared to win in the next race.和She said it was this mindset that led to her winning third place...she concentrated on the process.可知,第二段中提到Brenda Martinez的经历是为了展示专注于过程是如何让人走向成功的。故选D项。
9.A 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知,设定目标有一个问题,研究发现,过分强调目标往往会导致冒险、不道德的行为和减少动力,使用不公平的手段正是不道德的行为的一个例子。由此可推断出,过分强调目标可能导致使用不公平的手段,故选A项。
10.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的When you become overly focused on achieving the goal, you may lose sight of your original purpose for accomplishing the goal in the first place.和Achieving your goal may cause you to drop the good habits that got you there in the first place.可知,作者列举了马拉松运动员和节食者的例子,告诉我们过度专注于实现目标,可能会让我们忘记实现目标的初衷,放弃当初让你达到目标的好习惯,事实上,我们应该记得设定目标的初衷并保持这些好习惯。由此可知,通过第四段中的例子,作者打算表明我们必须牢记我们为什么设定一个目标。故选B项。本题易误选A项,文中讲了过度专注于目标的不利方面,但这是为作者想表达的观点“记住设定目标的初衷”而服务的,而不是作者真正想表达的意思。
11.D 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段内容可知专栏作家Brad Stulberg在网站The Cut上写道:“设定目标后,你最好将注意力从目标本身转移到给你实现目标最大的可能的过程上,并根据你完成这一过程完成得有多好来评判自己。”根据最后一段可知,最终把你的注意力从目标转移到实现目标的过程中会使你在实现长期目标的道路上取得小小的胜利。关注过程让你产生一种满足感和成就感。在最后两段中,作者引用了专栏作家Brad Stulberg和哈佛商学院心理学教授Amy Cuddy的话,告诉我们把注意力从目标转移到过程中有利于实现长期目标并带来精神上的好处。由此可知,最后两段主要讲了关注过程的好处。故选D项。
