Passage 48【2020•荆门市】
Scientists around the world are racing to create and test vaccines（疫苗）to help protect people against the novel coronavirus（新冠病毒）. They are making progress, but it will be quite a while before any vaccines are ready.
There are many different ways to make vaccines. At least 115 different vaccines for the novel coronavirus are being developed around the world right now. Many of them may not work or may have side effects that can be dangerous. That is why testing is very important.
Before a vaccine is ever tested on humans, it's first tested on animals to make sure it seems safe. Testing the vaccine on humans is done in several different phases（阶段）. In Phase 1, a small group of people are given small amounts of the vaccine to see if it has any bad effects. Phase 2 still tests the vaccine’s safety, but it's mainly a test to see if the vaccine seems to work, If Phase 2 goes well, the vaccine can begin Phase 3. During Phase 3, the vaccine is tried on a much larger group of people to see how well it works.
Because of the serious and worldwide impact（影响）of the novel coronavirus, there is huge pressure to develop a working vaccine quickly. It normally takes seven or more years to develop a safe vaccine that works well. Now drug companies are hoping to create working vaccines in 12 or 18 months.
But health experts also warn that rushing too much could be dangerous. A vaccine with harmful effects could cause more problems than it solves.
12. According to the passage, the scientists who are making vaccines are ____________.
A. hard-working and careful B. patient and easy-going C. kind and curious D. caring and brave
13. How long does it take to create working vaccines in the usual way?
A. Less than six years. B. More than ten years.
C. Twelve to eighteen months. D. About seven years.
14. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. There are only three phases in testing vaccines.
B. Working vaccines must be created in a short time.
C. Vaccines have already been developed.
D. Rushing too quickly in creating vaccines may bring more problems.
15. What's the best title of the passage?
A. Rush for a Vaccine B. Fight against the Disease
C. Protect People against the Virus D. Create Working Vaccines
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了全世界的科学家都在加速进行针对新冠病毒的疫苗的研发工作，虽然已经取得一些进展，但离疫苗的正常使用还有很长时间。文章还介绍了开发一种安全疫苗所需要的时间，测试过程的重要性以及生产疫苗所需的费用等。
12.A【解析】推理判断题。根据“Scientists around the world are racing to create and test vaccines…Before a vaccine is ever tested on humans, it's first tested on animals to make sure it seems safe”可知，科学家们都在竞相研制抵御新冠病毒的疫苗，并且在疫苗研发期间作大量的测试以确保对人类的身体无害，因此研发疫苗的科学家是勤奋并且仔细的。故选A。
13.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“It normally takes seven or more years to develop a safe vaccine that works well”可知，开发出一种安全有效的疫苗通常需要大约七年时间。故选D。
14.D 【解析】细节理解题。A选项：疫苗测试只有三个阶段。根据“Testing the vaccine on humans is done in several different phases”可知，疫苗测试分为几个阶段，文章中并没有明确指出只有三个阶段，故选项错误；B选项：必须在短时间内制造出有效的疫苗。根据“Now drug companies are hoping to create working vaccines in 12 or 18 months”及全文可知，制药公司只是希望尽快研制疫苗，但是疫苗研制过快会带来很多问题，所以并不是必须尽快将疫苗研制出来，故选项错误；C选项：疫苗已经研制出来了。根据“They are making progress, but it will be quite a while before any vaccines are ready”可知，疫苗还未研制成功，故选项错误；D选项：仓促生产疫苗可能会带来更多问题。根据“But health experts also warn that rushing too much could be dangerous…cause more problems than it solves”可知，仓促生产疫苗可能会带来更多问题，故选项正确。故选D。
15.A 【解析】最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们都在加速研发抵御新冠病毒的疫苗，介绍了研发疫苗的过程、时间及快速研发疫苗可能产生的危害等，故“研发有效的疫苗”可作为本文标题。故选A。
Scientists around the world are racing to create and test vaccines（疫苗）to help protect people against the novel coronavirus（新冠病毒）. They are making progress, but it will be quite a while before any vaccines are ready.
There are many different ways to make vaccines. At least 115 different vaccines for the novel coronavirus are being developed around the world right now. Many of them may not work or may have side effects that can be dangerous. That is why testing is very important.
Before a vaccine is ever tested on humans, it's first tested on animals to make sure it seems safe. Testing the vaccine on humans is done in several different phases（阶段）. In Phase 1, a small group of people are given small amounts of the vaccine to see if it has any bad effects. Phase 2 still tests the vaccine’s safety, but it's mainly a test to see if the vaccine seems to work, If Phase 2 goes well, the vaccine can begin Phase 3. During Phase 3, the vaccine is tried on a much larger group of people to see how well it works.
Because of the serious and worldwide impact（影响）of the novel coronavirus, there is huge pressure to develop a working vaccine quickly. It normally takes seven or more years to develop a safe vaccine that works well. Now drug companies are hoping to create working vaccines in 12 or 18 months.
But health experts also warn that rushing too much could be dangerous. A vaccine with harmful effects could cause more problems than it solves.
12. According to the passage, the scientists who are making vaccines are ____________.
A. hard-working and careful B. patient and easy-going C. kind and curious D. caring and brave
13. How long does it take to create working vaccines in the usual way?
A. Less than six years. B. More than ten years.
C. Twelve to eighteen months. D. About seven years.
14. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. There are only three phases in testing vaccines.
B. Working vaccines must be created in a short time.
C. Vaccines have already been developed.
D. Rushing too quickly in creating vaccines may bring more problems.
15. What's the best title of the passage?
A. Rush for a Vaccine B. Fight against the Disease
C. Protect People against the Virus D. Create Working Vaccines
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了全世界的科学家都在加速进行针对新冠病毒的疫苗的研发工作，虽然已经取得一些进展，但离疫苗的正常使用还有很长时间。文章还介绍了开发一种安全疫苗所需要的时间，测试过程的重要性以及生产疫苗所需的费用等。
12.A【解析】推理判断题。根据“Scientists around the world are racing to create and test vaccines…Before a vaccine is ever tested on humans, it's first tested on animals to make sure it seems safe”可知，科学家们都在竞相研制抵御新冠病毒的疫苗，并且在疫苗研发期间作大量的测试以确保对人类的身体无害，因此研发疫苗的科学家是勤奋并且仔细的。故选A。
13.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“It normally takes seven or more years to develop a safe vaccine that works well”可知，开发出一种安全有效的疫苗通常需要大约七年时间。故选D。
14.D 【解析】细节理解题。A选项：疫苗测试只有三个阶段。根据“Testing the vaccine on humans is done in several different phases”可知，疫苗测试分为几个阶段，文章中并没有明确指出只有三个阶段，故选项错误；B选项：必须在短时间内制造出有效的疫苗。根据“Now drug companies are hoping to create working vaccines in 12 or 18 months”及全文可知，制药公司只是希望尽快研制疫苗，但是疫苗研制过快会带来很多问题，所以并不是必须尽快将疫苗研制出来，故选项错误；C选项：疫苗已经研制出来了。根据“They are making progress, but it will be quite a while before any vaccines are ready”可知，疫苗还未研制成功，故选项错误；D选项：仓促生产疫苗可能会带来更多问题。根据“But health experts also warn that rushing too much could be dangerous…cause more problems than it solves”可知，仓促生产疫苗可能会带来更多问题，故选项正确。故选D。
15.A 【解析】最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们都在加速研发抵御新冠病毒的疫苗，介绍了研发疫苗的过程、时间及快速研发疫苗可能产生的危害等，故“研发有效的疫苗”可作为本文标题。故选A。
