Passage 13（2019 •湖南省长沙市）
Do you enjoy hitting the books? It doesn’t mean you enjoy beating your books with your hand. That may be reasonable if you don’t understand something inside your books. Hitting the books just means that you are studying hard. You can learn a lot when you hit the books.1．Especially before exams, most students spend a lot of time hitting the books to get good grades.
This is just one example of expressions that can’t be understood by taking them apart（分开）word by word. Expressions like this are called idioms（习语）. They are an important part of a culture’s language. Languages and cultures are closely connected. One example of an idiom in the Chinese language is “dui niu tan qin”, or “to play the lute（拨弦乐器）to a cow.”2．这意味着某人在说话或写作时不考虑其听众或读者。
Let’s get back to idioms that begin with the word “hit”3． There are many of them in English, but it’s not that easy for you to understand.
One common idiom you may hear in English is “hit the road”. It means to leave or to go. You can say, “Hey, I need to hit the road. Can we talk about this another time?” Or simply, “It’s time to hit the road.” When you are tired and you want to go to bed, you can say, “I need to hit the hay（干草）.” It means you want to go to sleep.4．That’s because a bed was often a big bag with hay inside in the past.
5． 习语使你的语言生动而有趣。 Let’s hit the road to learn some and try to use them.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】短文介绍了语言中一些习惯用语的表达。它们是语言文化的重要组成部分，不能逐字分开来理解。例如汉语中的“对牛弹琴”意思是某人在说话或写作时不考虑其听众或读者。英语中也有很多这样的习语，但理解起来并不那么容易。例如“hit the book”的意思是“努力学习”， “hit the road”的意思是“走或离开”，“hit the hay”的意思是“睡觉，就寝”。
1．尤其在考试前，大多数学生为了取得好成绩而花许多时间努力学习。
【解析】Especially“特别，尤其”；spend some time doing sth.花费时间做某事；hit the books习惯用语，意思是“用功啃书本，努力学习”；to get good grades取得好成绩，动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为：尤其在考试前，大多数学生为了取得好成绩而花许多时间努力学习。
2．It means someone speaks or writes without considering his listeners or readers.
【解析】mean“意味着”；后面可以跟that引导的宾语从句（that可以省略）。不定代词someone作主语时，视作第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时态时，谓语动词用三单形式；speaks or writes说话或写作；without doing sth.不做某事。without considering his listeners or readers. 不考虑其听众或读者。主语可以用it替代。故答案为It means someone speaks or writes without considering his listeners or readers.
3．英语中有很多这样的习语，但理解起来并不那么容易。
【解析】此句是there be句型，意思是“有”；in English在英语中，此处不能翻译成“用英语”；It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样，that用作副词，修饰easy，意为“如此，那么”；注意后一个句子是否定句。故答案为：英语中有很多这样的习语，但理解起来并不那么容易。
4．那是因为在过去床常常是填充着干草的大袋子。
【解析】because“因为，由于”；with hay inside“里面有干草”，介词短语用作后置定语，修饰bed，a big bag with hay inside填充着干草的大袋子；in the past在过去。故答案为：那是因为在过去床常常是填充着干草的大袋子。
5．Idioms make your language lively and interesting.
【解析】此句考查make的一种用法：make +宾语+形容词（作宾语补足语）；lively and interesting生动而有趣；介绍用途或功能时用一般现在时，主语idioms（习语）用作复数，谓语动词用动词原形。故答案为Idioms make your language lively and interesting。
Do you enjoy hitting the books? It doesn’t mean you enjoy beating your books with your hand. That may be reasonable if you don’t understand something inside your books. Hitting the books just means that you are studying hard. You can learn a lot when you hit the books.1．Especially before exams, most students spend a lot of time hitting the books to get good grades.
This is just one example of expressions that can’t be understood by taking them apart（分开）word by word. Expressions like this are called idioms（习语）. They are an important part of a culture’s language. Languages and cultures are closely connected. One example of an idiom in the Chinese language is “dui niu tan qin”, or “to play the lute（拨弦乐器）to a cow.”2．这意味着某人在说话或写作时不考虑其听众或读者。
Let’s get back to idioms that begin with the word “hit”3． There are many of them in English, but it’s not that easy for you to understand.
One common idiom you may hear in English is “hit the road”. It means to leave or to go. You can say, “Hey, I need to hit the road. Can we talk about this another time?” Or simply, “It’s time to hit the road.” When you are tired and you want to go to bed, you can say, “I need to hit the hay（干草）.” It means you want to go to sleep.4．That’s because a bed was often a big bag with hay inside in the past.
5． 习语使你的语言生动而有趣。 Let’s hit the road to learn some and try to use them.
【答案与解析】
【文章大意】短文介绍了语言中一些习惯用语的表达。它们是语言文化的重要组成部分，不能逐字分开来理解。例如汉语中的“对牛弹琴”意思是某人在说话或写作时不考虑其听众或读者。英语中也有很多这样的习语，但理解起来并不那么容易。例如“hit the book”的意思是“努力学习”， “hit the road”的意思是“走或离开”，“hit the hay”的意思是“睡觉，就寝”。
1．尤其在考试前，大多数学生为了取得好成绩而花许多时间努力学习。
【解析】Especially“特别，尤其”；spend some time doing sth.花费时间做某事；hit the books习惯用语，意思是“用功啃书本，努力学习”；to get good grades取得好成绩，动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为：尤其在考试前，大多数学生为了取得好成绩而花许多时间努力学习。
2．It means someone speaks or writes without considering his listeners or readers.
【解析】mean“意味着”；后面可以跟that引导的宾语从句（that可以省略）。不定代词someone作主语时，视作第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时态时，谓语动词用三单形式；speaks or writes说话或写作；without doing sth.不做某事。without considering his listeners or readers. 不考虑其听众或读者。主语可以用it替代。故答案为It means someone speaks or writes without considering his listeners or readers.
3．英语中有很多这样的习语，但理解起来并不那么容易。
【解析】此句是there be句型，意思是“有”；in English在英语中，此处不能翻译成“用英语”；It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.做某事对某人来说怎么样，that用作副词，修饰easy，意为“如此，那么”；注意后一个句子是否定句。故答案为：英语中有很多这样的习语，但理解起来并不那么容易。
4．那是因为在过去床常常是填充着干草的大袋子。
【解析】because“因为，由于”；with hay inside“里面有干草”，介词短语用作后置定语，修饰bed，a big bag with hay inside填充着干草的大袋子；in the past在过去。故答案为：那是因为在过去床常常是填充着干草的大袋子。
5．Idioms make your language lively and interesting.
【解析】此句考查make的一种用法：make +宾语+形容词（作宾语补足语）；lively and interesting生动而有趣；介绍用途或功能时用一般现在时，主语idioms（习语）用作复数，谓语动词用动词原形。故答案为Idioms make your language lively and interesting。
