Passage 28(2018长沙)
 
Why is clean water so important to developing countries? A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation(卫生)conditions. In those countries, women and girls spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent(迫切的) need for people in developing countries to have access to(有机会或权利使用) clean water to improve their health.
Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12­year­old girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of hand­washing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldn't eat with me unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “It's not up to you to tell me what to do！” Stunned(目瞪口呆的), Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest,_Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned Hadjara's head teacher, he understood the importance of hand­washing and his daughter's intentions(目的). The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives.
For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from now on, let's avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world.
(　　)1. According to the recent report, poor water and low sanitation conditions can cause ________．
A. traffic problems　　B. forest fires　　C. many illnesses
(　　)2. The key to improving people's health in developing countries is ________ in Paragraph 1.
A. to get clean water  
B. to exercise often
C. to refuse drugs
(　　)3. What can we infer(推断) from Paragraph 2?
A. Hadjara laughed at her father's foolishness.
B. Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night in order to lose weight.
C. Hadjara's father understood his daughter's love and care for him later.
(　　)4. The underlined word “protest” in this passage means ________．
A. 抗议  B. 保护  C. 节约
(　　)5. The purpose of the writer is to ________．
A. teach people how to wash hands
B. call on people all over the world to save water
C. show developing countries rich in clean water
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文中主要讲述了净水资源对于发展中国家人们健康的重要性，号召我们采取行动，节约用水。
1 C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据最近的报道，水质差的水和卫生状况差可能引起。第一段第二句“A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation (卫生) conditions.”可知大约80%的疾病都是由水质差的水和卫生状况差引起的。故选C。
2 A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在第一段中，改善发展中国家人们健康状况的关键是。根据第一段最后一句“In this case, there is an urgent (迫切的) need for people in developing countries to have access to (有机会或权利使用) clean water to improve their health.”可知使用净水是改善人们健康的关键，故选A。
3 C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从第二段中我们能推断出什么？根据第二段倒数第二句“After her father questioned Hadjara's headteacher, he understood the importance of hand­washing and his daughter's intentions (目的)．”可知Hadjara的父亲最终明白了女儿对他的关心和爱。故选C。
4 A【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：这篇短文中划线单词“protest”的意思是。根据第二段倒数第三句“...Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night.”可知此处指她为了抗议拒绝吃晚餐。故选A。
5 B【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：作者的目的是。根据短文最后一句“So, from now on, let's avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world.”可知作者写本文的目的主要是号召人们节约用水。故选B。